A cyclic compounds and process for the preparation thereof

ABSTRACT

A tape measure including a reinforced or coated tape measure blade is provided. The coating is thicker than the metal inner layer of the tape blade. The coating provides a reinforced tape blade such that elongate tape blade may have a pinch load threshold of greater than 50 lbs. and/or a pinch height at break of less than 1.5 mm. A hook assembly may also provide for reduced stress at the end of the tape blade.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/384,820, filed on Sep. 8, 2016, to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/468,835, filed on Mar. 8, 2017, and toU.S. Provisional Application No. 62/501,362, filed on May 4, 2017, whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of tools. Thepresent invention relates specifically to a tape measure, measuringtape, retractable rule, etc., that includes a tape measure blade with areinforcing coating on the tape blade and/or tear reducing hookconfiguration.

Tape measures are measurement tools used for a variety of measurementapplications, including in the building and construction trades. Sometape measures include a graduated, marked blade wound on a reel and alsoinclude a retraction system for automatically retracting the blade ontothe reel. In some such tape measure designs, the retraction system isdriven by a coil or spiral spring that is tensioned, storing energy asthe tape is extended, and that releases energy to spin the reel, windingthe blade back onto the reel such that automatic or non-manual taperetraction is provided. In some other tape measure designs, retractionof the tape is controlled via a manual crank, and such tape measureblades tend to have a long length.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention relates to a tape measure including areinforced tape blade. The tape blade has a metal inner layer, a firstcoating layer coupled to a upper surface of the metal inner layer, and asecond coating layer coupled to a lower surface of the metal innerlayer. The combined thickness of the first and second coating layers isgreater than the thickness of the metal inner layer. In a specificembodiment, the combined maximum thickness of the first and secondcoating layers is greater than the maximum thickness of the metal innerlayer.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to a tape measure. The tapemeasure includes a housing, a reel rotatably mounted within the housingand an elongate blade wound around the reel. The elongate blade includesan elongate metal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and afirst thickness, T1, measured between the upper surface and the lowersurface. The upper surface includes a concave curved section and thelower surface includes a convex curved section. The elongate bladeincludes an upper polymer coating coupled to and covering the uppersurface of the elongate metal core. The upper polymer coating has asecond thickness, T2, and an upper surface defining the uppermostsurface of the elongate blade. The elongate blade includes a lowerpolymer coating coupled to and covering the lower surface of theelongate metal core. The lower polymer coating has a third thickness,T3, and a lower surface defining the lowermost surface of the elongateblade. The elongate blade includes an ink layer located between theupper surface of the elongate metal core and the upper polymer coatingforming a series of measurement markings, and T2+T3≥T1. The tape measureincludes a spring coupled to the reel such that when the elongate bladeis unwound from the reel to extend from the housing the spring storesenergy and the spring releases energy driving rewinding of the elongateblade on to the reel. The tape measure includes a hook assembly coupledto an outer end of the elongate blade.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to a tape measure includinga housing, a reel rotatably mounted within the housing and an elongateblade wound around the reel. The elongate blade includes an elongatemetal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and a metalthickness measured between the upper surface and the lower surface. Theelongate blade includes a polymer coating surrounding the elongate metalcore when viewed in cross-section and extending contiguously lengthwisefor at least 6 ft. along a length of the elongate metal core. Thepolymer coating has a polymer coating thickness. The elongate bladeincludes an ink layer located between the elongate metal core and thepolymer coating, and the ink layer forms a series of measurementmarkings. The polymer coating thickness is greater than the metalthickness. The tape measure includes a spring coupled to the reel suchthat when the elongate blade is unwound from the reel to extend from thehousing the spring stores energy and the spring release energy drivingrewinding of the elongate blade on the reel. The tape measure includes ahook assembly coupled to an outer end of the elongate blade.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to a tape measure includes ahousing, a reel rotatably mounted within the housing and an elongateblade wound around the reel. The elongate blade includes an elongatemetal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and a metalthickness measured between the upper surface and the lower surface. Theelongate blade includes a polymer coating surrounding the elongate metalcore when viewed in cross-section and extending contiguously lengthwisefor at least 6 ft. along a length of the elongate metal core. Thepolymer coating has a polymer coating thickness. The elongate bladeincludes an ink layer located between the elongate metal core and thepolymer coating, and the ink layer forms a series of measurementmarkings. The elongate blade has a pinch load threshold of greater than50 lbs. The tape measure includes a spring coupled to the reel such thatwhen the elongate blade is unwound from the reel to extend from thehousing the spring stores energy and the spring releases energy drivingrewinding of the elongate blade on the reel. The tape measure includes ahook assembly coupled to an outer end of the elongate blade.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to a tape measure hookassembly having an upper and/or lower tab configured to reduce tape tearpotential, increase flexibility, decrease tape whip, etc. Anotherembodiment of the invention relates to a tape blade designed to reducetape tear potential, increase flexibility, decrease tape whip, etc.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detaileddescription which follows, and, in part, will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art from the description or recognized bypracticing the embodiments as described in the written description andclaims hereof, as well as the appended drawings. It is to be understoodthat both the foregoing general description and the following detaileddescription are exemplary.

The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understandingand are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. Thedrawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with thedescription, serve to explain principles and operation of the variousembodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a left side perspective view of a tape measure, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a left side perspective view of the tape measure of FIG. 1with a portion of the tape measure housing removed, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape blade of the tapemeasure of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape blade of the tapemeasure of FIG. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape blade of the tapemeasure of FIG. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape blade of the tapemeasure of FIG. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape blade of the tapemeasure of FIG. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a plot of pinch height to force for the three samples shownin Table 1 during pinch testing.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view from above of a tape measure, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view from below of the tape measure of FIG. 9,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11A is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11B is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly shown during bending, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15A is a schematic side view of tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15B is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18A is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of a tape measure blade, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a tape measure blade, according toanother exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic top view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of a tape measure blade and hookassembly, according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a tape measure blade, according toanother exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a photograph showing the set up for the tape blade PinchTest, as discussed below.

FIG. 25 is a photograph showing engagement between a mandrel and a tapeblade during Pinch Test, as discussed below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring generally to the FIGS. 1-8, various embodiments of a tapemeasure are shown. Various embodiments of the tape measure discussedherein include an innovative polymer coated metal blade for a tapemeasure. Specifically, the tape measure blade discussed herein includesthick coatings of polymer material coupled to upper and/or lowersurfaces of an inner layer of metal formed from a thin, elongate stripof metal material. The thickness, hardness, elasticity, and/or materialtype, etc. of the polymer coating is selected to provide a tape measureblade having improved crack or break resistance as compared to tapemeasure blades having other coating thicknesses or other coatingmaterials.

In particular, Applicant has found that by forming a tape blade wherethe total thickness of the polymer coating material (e.g., the combinedthickness of both the upper and lower layers of polymer coatingmaterial) is greater than (e.g., at least 2×, at least 3×, at least 4×,between 2× and 10×, between 3× and 5×, etc.) the thickness of the innermetal layer provides a tape blade particularly resistant to breakage(e.g., as tested utilizing a pinch test described below). Without beingbound by a particular theory, in at least some embodiments, Applicanthypothesizes that the thick coating discussed herein limits the radiusof curvature that the metal material of the tape blade is exposed towhen crimped/bent and thereby reduces the risk that metal material willcrack. Further, in at least some embodiments, Applicant hypothesizesthat the thick coating discussed herein acts to hold the metal materialtogether in the event of small crack formation, which limits crackpropagation and tape blade breakage.

In general, Applicant understands that the art has typically viewedincreasing the size of the tape measure housing as undesirable due tothe difficulty gripping, holding, transporting, etc., a large sized tapemeasure. For at least this reason, Applicant understands that the arthas typically not seen increasing tape blade coating thickness as aviable means for strengthening the tape blade due to the increased sizeof such blades when wound onto a reel within a tape measure housing.Accordingly, at least in some embodiments, the reinforced tape bladediscussed herein is used in conjunction with one or more othercomponents designed to reduce the size of other internal componentslocated within the tape measure housing, which in turn allows more ofthe space within the tape measure housing to be occupied by the thicklycoated, reinforced tape measure blade for a given outer housing sizedimension.

In specific embodiments, the tape measure may include two or more smalldiameter coil springs (e.g., power springs) as part of the tape bladeretraction system, which in turn allows the size of the outer diameterof the housing to be reduced, as compared to a similar tape measureusing one large coil spring for retraction. Similarly, in specificembodiments, the tape measure may include a reduction gear train thatallows for a smaller diameter, more energy dense spring as compared to asimilar tape measure using a coil spring with no gear train forretraction.

In further specific embodiments, the tape blade has a length suitablefor retraction via a spring based retraction system. In specificembodiments, the length of the tape blade is less than 50 feet or morespecifically less than 40 feet. In specific embodiments, the length ofthe tape blade is 35 ft., 30 ft., 25 ft., or 16 ft. In further specificembodiments, the tape blade that has a curved cross-sectional shape. Insuch embodiments, the tape blade that has a shape in which the uppersurface is a concave curved surface and the lower surface of the bladeis a convex curved surface. In further specific embodiments, the tapeblade is structured to have a relatively significant stand-out length(i.e., the length of tape blade that can extend from the housing whilesupporting itself without buckling), and in some such embodiments, thetape stand out is at least 1 foot, at least 3 feet, at least 6 feet,less than 10 feet, etc. Applicant believes these structuresdifferentiate the tape measure of the present disclosure from very long(e.g., 100 ft. or more) crank-retracted tape measures.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a length measurement device, such astape measure 10, is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Tapemeasure 10 includes a coilable tape blade 14 and a housing 18. Ingeneral, tape blade 14 is an elongate strip of material including aplurality of graduated measurement markings (see FIG. 9), and inspecific embodiments, tape blade 14 is an elongate strip of metalmaterial (e.g., steel material) that includes an outer most end coupledto a hook assembly, shown as hook assembly 26. As discussed in moredetail below, tape blade 14 may include various coatings (e.g., polymercoating layers) to help protect tape blade 14 from cracking during whipor pinch. Further, tape blade 14 may include any combination of tapeblade features of the various embodiments discussed herein. In addition,hook assembly 26 may include any of the hook and tab designs or featuresdiscussed below regarding FIGS. 9-23.

As shown in FIG. 1, a variable-length extended segment 22 of the tapeblade 14 is retractable and extendable from the housing 18. A hookassembly 26 is fixedly coupled to an outer end portion 30 of tape blade14.

As shown in FIG. 2, the non-extended portion of tape blade 14 is woundonto a reel 34, which is surrounded by housing 18. Reel 34 is rotatablydisposed about an axis 38 of tape measure 10, and a retraction mechanism42 is coupled to reel 34 and configured to drive reel 34 about rotationaxis 38 which in turn provides powered retraction of tape blade 14.Retraction mechanism 42 may include one or more elongated spiral springsthat provides the retraction energy to retraction mechanism 42. A tapelock 46 is provided to selectively engage tape blade 14, which acts torestrain retraction mechanism 42 such that extended segment 22 of tapeblade 14 remains at a desired length.

In specific embodiments, retraction mechanism 42 is configured toprovide for a relatively small housing size, despite the increased bladethickness. In one embodiment, retraction mechanism 42 includes two ormore spiral springs (e.g., power springs) which will deliver a desiredlevel of torque while decreasing the outer diameter of the spaceoccupied by the springs (at least as compared to the outer diameter of asingle spiral spring that delivers the same level of torque). In otherembodiments, retraction mechanism 42 includes a reduction gear trainlocated between the tape reel and spring such that each rotation of thetape reel results in less than one rotation of the spring. Thisarrangement allows for a smaller diameter, more energy dense spring ascompared to a similar tape measure using a coil spring with no geartrain for retraction.

By utilizing one or more size reduction mechanism, e.g., gearing,multiple springs, etc., a thicker tape blade may be used without thesize of the housing growing for the same length of tape. In someembodiments, a coil spring having a width wider than the width of tapeblade 14 may be used, which allows for a lower diameter/height spring tobe used. In some such embodiments, the coil spring has a width between110% and 150% of the width tape blade 14, specifically, the coil springhas a width between 120% and 135% of the width tape blade 14, and morespecifically, the coil spring has a width of approximately 130% of thewidth tape blade 14. In this way, the spring may be of a smaller height,allowing reduction of the height of the housing relative tosmaller-width, but larger diameter spring, which may allow for a smallerheight housing with a thicker tape.

Referring to FIG. 1, housing 18 includes a first side wall 50, a secondside wall 54, and a peripheral wall 58 connecting first side wall 50 andsecond side wall 54. First side wall 50, second side wall 54, andperipheral wall 58 define an internal cavity 62 , shown in FIG. 2, inwhich reel 34 and retraction mechanism 42 are housed. Referring to FIG.1, first side wall 50 and second side wall 54 has a substantiallycircular profile 66. In other embodiments, the side walls may berectangular, polygonal, or any other desired shape. Portions of thehousing 18 may be co-molded or separately formed of a resilientmaterial, such as a natural or synthetic rubber. In the illustratedconstruction, housing 18 is formed with housing bumpers 70 and a supportleg 74 which extends from a lower portion 78 of the peripheral wall 58.

A slot 82 is defined along a forward portion 86 of peripheral wall 58.Slot 82 provide an opening in the tape measure housing which allows tapelock 46 to extend into housing 18. In addition, slot 82 provides alength sufficient to allow tape lock 46 be moved relative to housing 18between locked and unlocked positions.

Below the slot 82, a tape port 90 is provided in peripheral wall 58.Tape port 90 has an arcuate shape 94, corresponding to an arcuatecross-sectional profile of tape blade 14. The tape port 90 allows forthe retraction and extension of tape blade 14 to and from the internalcavity 62 defined within housing 18.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, tape measure 10 includes a finger guardassembly 98. Finger guard assembly 98 includes a guard 102 and a guardsupport member 106. As shown in FIG. 1, the portions of guard 102external to housing 18 are substantially U-shaped and extend downwardfrom housing 18. As shown in FIG. 2, when tape 14 is in the retractedposition, a rear surface of hook assembly 26 abuts guard 102.

Referring to FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view of tape blade 14 is shown.Tape blade 14 includes a core or inner layer 110 formed from a thin,elongate strip of metal material. In a specific embodiment, inner layer110 is formed from a strip of steel material. In a specific embodiment,inner layer 110 has a thickness, T1, between 0.09 mm and 0.2 mm,specifically, between 0.1 mm and 0.18 mm (with up to a 25% thicknessvariation), and more specifically of 0.1 mm to 0.13 mm. Inner layer 110may be formed in a concavo-convex configuration (as shown in FIG. 3),which may provide for improved tape standout. Inner layer 110 may be analloyed spring steel, alloyed high strength steel, etc. In oneembodiment, the steel is of a hardness between 50-54 RHC (Rockwellhardness C). In another embodiment, the steel is of a hardness between45-60 RHC.

Tape blade 14 includes an upper coating layer 112 coupled to (e.g.,attached, bonded, glued, etc.) onto the concave upper surface of innermetal layer 110 and a lower coating layer 114 coupled to (e.g.,attached, bonded, glued, etc.) onto the convex lower surface of innermetal layer 110. In general, coating layers 112 and 114 are formed froma polymer material, and in a specific embodiment, are formed from anylon material. As shown, coating layer 112 has an upper surface 116that defines the uppermost surface of tape blade 14, and coating layer114 has a lower surface 118 that defines the lowermost surface of tapeblade 14. Ink layers 119 may be located between coating layers 112 and114 forming measurement markings or indicia (see FIG. 9). In specificembodiments, coating layers 112 and 114 are formed from a material thathas a modulus of elasticity less than the modulus of elasticity of themetal material of inner layer 110. In specific embodiments, coatinglayers 112 and 114 are formed from a material that has a hardness lessthan the hardness of the metal material of inner layer 110. In specificembodiments, the coating layers discussed herein are formed from a nylon12 material and/or a nylon 6/6 material.

As shown in FIG. 3, coating layer 112 has thickness, T2, and coatinglayer 114 has a thickness, T3. In specific embodiments, the totalthickness of the tape blade coating (i.e., the combined thickness oflayers 112 and 114, T2+T3) is greater than T1. In specific embodiments,T2+T3≥2×T1, T2+T3≥3×T1, T2+T3≥4×T1, 10×T1≥T2+T3≥2×T1 or 5×T1≥T2+T3≥3×T1.Applicant has found that the substantial thickness of coating layers 112and 114 relative to the thickness of layer 110 limits the radius ofcurvature experienced by layer 110 during pinch tests (see Pinch Testdescription below), which in turn limits the likelihood that layer 110will crack when pinched or crimped.

In specific embodiments, T2+T3 is between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm andspecifically between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, T2 issubstantially equal to T3 (e.g., is within 5% of T3). In anotherembodiment, T2 is greater than T3 (e.g., is more than 5% greater thanT3). In another embodiment, T3 is greater than T2 (e.g., is more than 5%greater than T2).

In one embodiment, the total tape blade thickness (inclusive of all ofthe coating and the core layer, i.e., T1+T2+T3) is approximately 0.4 mm(e.g., 0.4 mm plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 1%). The distributionof the width of the coating layers 112 and 114 relative to the layer 110may be the same or wider.

In one embodiment, coating layers 112 and 114 may be applied over theentire length of inner layer 110. In one embodiment, coating layers 112and 114 are applied over at least 6 feet of the length of inner layer110, specifically over at least 8 feet of the length of inner layer 110,and more specifically over at least 10 feet of the length of inner layer110. In specific embodiments, these coating lengths are contiguouscoating lengths. This may provide increased tear resistance in areas ofthe tape blade 14 prone to increased wear, while maintaining compactnessof the tape relative to a tape blade that has the coating over theentire length. In one embodiment, coating layers 112 and 114 begin atthe end of the tape blade 14 proximate the hook. In another embodiment,the coating starts at a location of the blade spaced apart from the endproximate hook assembly 26.

In some embodiments, coating layers 112 and/or 114 do not have uniformthicknesses along the width and/or length of tape blade 14. In some suchembodiments, coating layers 112 and/or 114 may be applied in a pattern(e.g., a honeycomb pattern, a checkered pattern, etc.) where there areportions of thicker and thinner coating distribution across both thelength and width of the tape blade 14. In such embodiments, T2 and T3shown in FIG. 3 represent the thickness measured through the thickestportion of the coating pattern. In some such embodiments, the ranges ofT2 and T3 discussed herein represent the maximum thickness of coatinglayers 112 and 114 at any portion along the length of tape blade 14. Insome such embodiments, the combined maximum coating and blade thicknessmay be 0.4 mm, but in other areas along the length and width of the tapeblade, the coating and blade thickness will be less (e.g., as measuredat the thinner coating portions of the coating pattern). In otherembodiments, the ranges of T2 and T3 discussed herein represent theaverage thickness of coating layers 112 and 114 measured at all ofthickest portions of the coating pattern along the length and width oftape blade 14.

Coating layers 112 and 114 may be applied as a laminate, nylonextrusion, film attached with adhesive, power/spray on coating. In oneembodiment, the coating layer(s) are configured such that even if thesteel core were to fracture, the coating layer is configured to containthe steel core and to maintain the integrity of the blade (e.g., thecoating will tend not to tear).

As shown in FIGS. 4-7, tape blade 14 may have a variety of coatingarrangements and shapes. Specifically, in the embodiment of FIG. 4 tapeblade 14 has edge coating layers 120 and 122. In general, edge coatinglayers 120 and 122 are substantially the same as coating layers 112 and114 except as discussed herein. As shown in FIG. 4, coating layers 120and 122 may be applied adjacent the lateral edges and/or surrounding thelateral edges of inner layer 110. In this embodiment, a central area 124along the upper and/or lower surface of inner layer 110 may have a thincoating or no coating. In such embodiments, upper and lower portions ofcoating layers 120 and 122 may have thicknesses, T2 and T3, as discussedabove regarding layers 112 and 114.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 5, tape blade 14 may have a coatinglayer 130. In this embodiment, coating layer 130 combines upper andlower coatings 112 and 114 (discussed above regarding FIG. 3) with edgecoating layers 120 and 122 (discussed above regarding FIG. 4). As can beseen in FIG. 5, the combination of upper and lower coatings 112 and 114with edge coating layers 120 and 122 forms a coating 130 that completelysurrounds core 110. In specific embodiments, substantially the entirelength of tape blade 14 (e.g., at least 90%, 95%, 99%, etc. of thelength) is completely surrounded by coating 130.

As shown in FIG. 5, edge coating layers 120 and 122 each have athickness, T4 and T5, respectively, measured in the width direction,perpendicular to the edge surface of core 110. In the specificembodiment shown in FIGS. 5, T4 and T5 are substantially equal to eachother, e.g., are within plus or minus 25%, specifically plus or minus10%, more specifically plus or minus 5% and even more specificallywithin plus or minus 1%, of each other. In some embodiments, T2, T3, T4and T5 are all substantially equal to each other such that coating 130has a substantially consistent thickness relative to core 110 at allcircumferential positions around core 110 at one or more longitudinalcross-sectional locations as shown in FIG. 5.

In specific embodiments, when coating 130 is applied in a pattern, suchas a cross-hatched or honey-combed pattern, to the upper and lowersurfaces of core 110, T2, T3, T4 and T5 shown in FIG. 5 represent thethickness through the raised portions of the honey-comb pattern. Inspecific embodiments, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are between 0.07 mm to 0.19 mm,with the total thickness (i.e., between the lower surface of coatinglayer 114 and the upper surface of coating layer 112) being between 0.26mm and 0.5 mm. In another embodiment, T2 is greater than T3, and in somesuch embodiments, T2 is 0.08 mm to 0.18 mm and T3 is 0.03 mm to 0.07 mm.

In various embodiments, the thicknesses, T4 and T5, of edge coatinglayers 120 and 122 are different than thicknesses, T2 and T3, of theupper and lower coating layers 112 and 114, such that the thickness ofcoating 130 varies around inner core 110. In such embodiments, T4 and T5are between 0.03 mm and 1 mm.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, both T4 and T5 are greaterthan T2 and/or T3, such that edge coating layers 120 and 122 provide anincreased coating material adjacent the edges of inner core 110. In somesuch embodiments, T2 and T3 are 0.07 mm to 0.19 mm, and T4 and T5 aregreater than 0.07 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm. In suchembodiments, the increased thickness of edge coating layers 120 and 122increase the overall width of tape blade 14, increasing strength and/orresistance to damage/tearing without the need to increase the size ofinner core 110. In embodiments where inner core 110 is formed from ametal material, utilizing thicker edge coating layers 120 and 122provides for increased strength without increasing the amount of metalmaterial used to form tape blade 14.

Referring to FIG. 7, in various embodiments, edge coating layers 120 and122 may be configured such that the height of the edge coating layervaries at different positions in the width direction away from innercore 110. As shown in FIG. 7, edge coating layers 120 and 122 mayinclude thinned outer portions 132 and 134.

In one embodiment as shown in FIG. 7, edge coating layers 120 and 122each have a first section having a height H1 and H2 respectively, andthin outer portions 132 and 134 have heights H3 and H4, respectively. Asshown in FIGS. 7, H3 and H4 are less than H1 and H2, respectively,specifically are less than 50% of H1 and H2, respectively and morespecifically are less than 30% of H1 and H2 respectively. In suchembodiments, thin outer portions 132 and 134 provide extra width andresulting extra strength to tape blade 14, while also utilizing lesstotal coating material than edge coating arrangements such as that shownin FIG. 6.

Pinch Test and Examples

Testing data for three tape measure blades having different totalthicknesses and coating thicknesses are shown in Table 1, below. Notethe coating thickness shown in Table 1 is the thickness value of eachupper layer 112 and lower layer 114 of tape blade 14, so that the totalcoating thickness is twice the value shown in Table 1. The pinch testingand load at break shown in the table below was determined using thePinch Test described below.

TABLE 1 Total Thickness Coating Thickness Pinch Height Steel (mm) (mm)at Break Load at Break Type Coating Material (T1 + T2 + T3) (T2 or T3)(mm) (lbf) Dataset 1 SK4 Laminated Nylon 0.4148 0.140 1.4346 58.16Dataset 2 SK4 Laminated Nylon 0.4184 0.144 0.8103 62.64 Dataset 3 SK4Laminated Nylon 0.5196 0.168 Did not break (maxed 150.10 (max load, outload cell) did not break)

FIG. 8 shows a plot of pinch height to force for the three samples shownin Table 1 during pinch testing. The labeled portions represent theloading at which the breakage of the tape blade occurred under theloading of the pinch test. Note that the tape blade represented bydataset 3 did not break under the maximum loading during testing. Assuch in various embodiments, tape blade 14 as discussed herein has apinch height at break of less than 1.5 mm, and specifically less than 1mm. In various embodiments, tape blade 14 has a pinch load threshold(the last column in Table 1) of greater than 50 lbs. and specificallygreater than 100 lbs.

Referring to FIGS. 24 and 25, details of the Pinch Test used to generatethe data shown in Table 1, is shown and described. Pinch test system 400includes a mandrel 402, a test fixture 404, clamp assemblies 406 and408, and an aluminum support plate 410. Test fixture 404 supports a tapeblade 14 that is to be pinch tested. Test fixture 404 holds tape bladein the u-shape as shown in FIG. 25. Clamp assembly 406 secures tapeblade 14 to test fixture 404, and clamp assembly 408 secures testfixture 404 to a testing table. During pinch testing a 10 inch longpiece of tape 14 is used. Mandrel 402 is run by an Instron TensileMachine. Test fixture 404 is component as shown for holding tape blade14, and plate 410 is an 8 inch×4 inch×0.5 inch piece of extrudedaluminum.

To set up the pinch test, test fixture 404 is positioned so that theu-bend in tape blade 14 is located near the vertical central axis 412 ofmandrel 402, as shown in FIG. 25. Next, tape blade 14 is removed tocontinue setup. Next, the position of mandrel 402 is located, and themaximum displacement value is set. Specifically, mandrel 402 is loweredso that it is touching the upper surface of plate 410. At this point,mandrel extension value is set to zero. Next, the mandrel 402 is raisedaway from plate 410 to a height of 0.156 inches (˜2× thickness of tapeblade 14 being tested). At this point, the mandrel extension value isset to zero again. Next, mandrel 402 is raised to a height of about ˜1.5inches above plate 410, and the exact mandrel extension value isrecorded and is set as the maximum displacement used during the pinchtest. Then the mandrel extension value is set to zero again.

During pinch testing, the machine running mandrel 402 advances mandrel402 at a rate of 1 inch per minute, and is set to stop if the loadexceeds 150 lbs. Tape blade 14 is returned to its position below mandrel402 as shown in FIG. 24, and the ends 414 of tape blade 14 arepositioned flush against the back wall of test fixture 404. Next, thetest is started causing mandrel 402 to advance controlled by the InstronMachine, which pinches tape blade 14 against plate 410. As shown in FIG.25, the computer running the mandrel 402 tracks mandrel displacement,from which pinch height, PH, shown in FIG. 25, is calculated. This isrun until tape 14 fails or the maximum displacement or load is reached.

Referring generally to FIGS. 9-23, various embodiments of a tape measureare shown. In various embodiments, the tape measure embodimentsdiscussed herein include innovative tape blade designs and/or innovativetape hook tab designs that may provide one or more function such asresisting blade tear, improved blade flexibility, increasing bend radiusat hook/blade interface, reducing the amount of whip experienced duringblade retraction (e.g., the tendency of the tape measure blade to bendor snap back on itself during fast retraction), etc.

Applicant has identified the rivet holes used for coupling the hook tabsto tape blade via rivets as locations of stress concentration and a siteof blade tear origination/propagation during tape blade bending. Thus,in specific embodiments discussed herein, the hook tabs are configuredto decrease or eliminate the number of rivets (and, consequently, holes)used to couple the hook tabs to the tape blade, which in turn reducesnumber of stress concentration sites. In particular embodiments, thehook tabs are configured to eliminate rivets that couple only a singlehook tab to the tape blade.

Further, in some embodiments, the hook tabs are configured to providefor a large zone of decreasing rigidity at the end of the tape bladeconnected to the hook tabs. By providing a less dramatic rigiditytransition between the hook tabs and the adjacent tape blade, Applicantbelieves that the bend radius experienced by the tape blade at the hooktab/tape blade transition can be increased, and this increase in bladebend radius acts to reduce the stress experienced by the tape bladematerial at the hook tab/tape blade transition. In addition, in someembodiments, the tape blade (e.g., material, material properties,layered structure, design, etc. of the tape blade) is configured toprovide one or more function including tear resistance, improvedflexibility, improved strength and/or whip reduction.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, a tape measure, measuring tape, retractablerule, etc., such as tape measure 210, is shown according to an exemplaryembodiment. In general, tape measure 210 includes a housing 212, tapeblade 214 and hook assembly 216. Tape blade 214 may include any of thetape blade designs discussed above regarding FIGS. 1-8. As shown inFIGS. 9 and 10, tape blade 214 may include upper and/or lower ink layersforming measurement markings or indicia 215 visible through upper andlower polymer coatings of tape blade 214. Hook assembly 216 includes anend hook 218, an upper tab 220 and a lower tab 222. In the embodimentshown, hook assembly 216 includes a plurality of rivets 224 that extendthrough upper tab 220, lower tab 222 and a portion of tape blade 214that is located between upper tab 220 and lower tab 222 such that hookassembly 216 is coupled to the outermost end of tape blade 214.

In specific embodiments, all of the rivets 224 of hook assembly 216extend through both upper tab 220 and lower tab 222. In suchembodiments, hook assembly 216 does not include an additional rivetlocated at the end of lower tab 222, as is typically needed inconventional hook assembly designs to couple lower tab 222 to tape blade214. In this embodiment, the number of rivets extending through lowertab 222 is the same as the number of rivets extending through upper tab220. Thus, in such embodiments, lower tab 222 is longer than upper tab220, and lower tab 222 does not have any additional rivets that extendthrough lower tab 222 without also extending through upper tab 220. Incontrast, typically there will be at least one more rivet extendingthrough the lower tab than through upper tab in a conventional tapemeasure.

Applicant has identified that, while all rivet holes may act as stressconcentrators, the rivet hole located furthest from the end of the tabis a more likely cause of yielding and failure. The corresponding rivetonly couples the bottom tab to the tape blade, which is able to flex andallow more stress to be induced in this region of the tape blade. Thusthe stress induced from bending is compounded by the geometry of therivet hole, making this a potential region of high stress. Thus,Applicant has found that by configuring hook assembly 216 in a mannerthat eliminates/reduces the number of rivets or that eliminates/reducesthe number of rivets that couple only one of the hook tabs 220 and 222to tape blade 214, tape blade 214 is more tear resistant thanconventional tape blades.

In specific embodiments as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the length oflower hook tab 222 (measured along the length of tape blade 214) isgreater than the length of upper hook tab 220. In this arrangement, aninnermost portion 230 of lower hook tab 222 extends past the innermostportion 232 of upper hook tab 220. In specific embodiments, innermostportion 230 of lower hook tab 222 is coupled to the lower surface oftape blade 214 without a structure, such as rivet, passing through theinnermost portion 230 of lower hook tab 222 and puncturing tape blade214. In specific embodiments, innermost portion 230 is coupled to tapeblade 214 via a coupling component that does not puncture tape blade214, such as glues, adhesive material, melt bonded materials, cohesivematerials, chemical bonding materials, etc.

In some embodiments, hook assembly 216 does not include any rivets 224joining tabs 220 and 222 to tape blade 214. In such embodiments, anon-puncturing coupling component, such as glues, adhesive material,melt bonded materials, cohesive materials, chemical bonding materials,etc., are used to bond the upper and lower surfaces of tape blade 214 tohook tabs 220 and 222, respectively. In some such embodiments, lowerhook tab 222 is longer than upper hook tab 220 as shown in FIGS. 9 and10. In some other such embodiments, upper hook tab 220 is longer thanlower hook tab 222 and/or is the same length as lower hook tab 222.

Referring to FIGS. 9-11B, tape measure 210 includes a hook tab/tapeblade transition area 226. In general, hook tab/tape blade transitionarea 226 is the region of tape blade 214 adjacent the inner ends of tabs220 and 222 or may include a length of lower tab 222. As shown in FIGS.11A and 11B, when a force F (e.g., force applied by a user, forcegenerated by the momentum of the tape during retraction which may causeoscillation) is experienced at the end of tape blade 214, tape blade 214tends to bend within transition area 226. In various embodimentsdiscussed herein, tape blade 214 and/or hook assembly 216 is configuredto provide improved tape blade performance or tear resistance. As shownin FIG. 11B, tape blade 214 and/or hook assembly 216 is configured toincrease the bend radius A as generated by a particular force F (ascompared to many conventional tape designs), and this increase in bendradius reduces stress within tape blade 214 during bending. In addition,in designs which reduce or eliminate the number of rivets 224 (andconsequent rivet holes) (in particular, rivets 224 that only attach toone of tabs 220 or 222), the increase of bend radius A further reducesthe tear potential of tape blade 214.

Referring to FIGS. 12-16, various embodiments of measuring tape hookassemblies are shown that improve flexibility in transition area 226,decrease the number of rivet holes and/or eliminate rivets and rivetholes that are located through only one of the hook tabs, and inspecific embodiments, such designs improve tape blade tear resistanceand/or reduce blade whip during blade retraction. It should beunderstood that the various hook and hook tab arrangements shown inFIGS. 12-16 are embodiments of hook assembly 216 and may be coupled totape blade 214 of measuring tape 210.

Referring to FIG. 12, hook assembly 240 of tape measure 210 is shownaccording to an exemplary embodiment. Hook assembly 240 is substantiallythe same as hook assembly 216, except as disclosed herein. Hook assembly240 includes upper hook tab 242 and lower hook tab 244. In theembodiment shown, upper hook tab 242 is more flexible than lower hooktab 244. In specific embodiments, both upper hook tab 242 and lower hooktab 244 are formed from the same metal material but upper hook tab 242is thinner than a conventional upper hook tab and/or is thinner thanlower hook tab 244.

In various embodiments, upper hook tab 242 is sized relative to lowerhook tab 244 to provide improved flexibility. In some such embodimentsthe thickness, T6, of upper hook tab 242 is less than the thickness, T7,of lower hook tab 244, and in specific embodiments, T6 is less than 75%of T7, less than 50% of T7 or less than 25% of T2. In some embodiments,the length of upper hook tab 242 is substantially the same (e.g., within10%) as the length of lower hook tab 244 In other embodiments, upperhook tab 242 is longer than lower hook tab 244, such as 25% longer, 50%longer, 100% longer, 200% longer, etc. In such embodiments, these tabconfigurations provide improved flexibility, which increases the bendradius A during bending which in turn improves tape tear resistance. Inembodiments, in which upper hook tab 242 and lower hook tab 244 have thesame length, the entire lengths of tabs 242 and 44 provide improvedflexibility relative to the thicker overlapped tab portions ofconventional tape measure hook designs.

Referring to FIG. 13, hook assembly 250 of tape measure 210 is shownaccording to an exemplary embodiment. Hook assembly 250 is substantiallythe same as hook assembly 216, except as disclosed herein. Hook assembly250 includes upper hook tab 252 and lower hook tab 254. In theembodiment shown, upper hook tab 252 is more flexible than lower hooktab 254. In specific embodiments, both upper hook tab 252 and lower hooktab 254 are formed from the same metal material but upper hook tab 252includes one or more section that is thinner than a conventional upperhook tab and/or is thinner than lower hook tab 254.

As shown in FIG. 13, upper hook tab 252 includes a first portion 256 anda second portion 258. First portion 256 is located between hook 218 andsecond portion 258 along the upper surface of tape blade 214. Firstportion 256 has an average thickness, T8, that is greater than theaverage thickness, T9, of second portion 258. In the specific embodimentshown in FIG. 13, first portion 256 and second portion 258 haveconsistent thicknesses along their lengths and a vertical wall providingthe transition between first portion 256 and second portion 258. Inother embodiments, an angled or tapered section is located betweenportions 256 and 258. In yet other embodiments, first portion 256 and/orsecond portion 258 may be tapered or otherwise shaped such that theaverage thickness of second portion 258 is less than the average firstportion 256.

In various embodiments, the length of second portion 258 relative to thetotal length of upper tab 252 along with the thicknesses T8 and T9 areselected or designed to provide the desired level of flexibility at thetransition area 226. In the embodiment shown, the total length of secondportion 258 is approximately half of the total length of upper tab 252.In various embodiments, the total length of second portion 258 is lessthan 75% of the total length of upper tab 252, and in other embodiments,the total length of second portion 258 is less than 25% of the totallength of upper tab 252.

As shown in FIG. 13, the length of lower tab 254 is substantially thesame as the length of first portion 256 of upper tab 252. In thisarrangement, the thinner second portion 258 of upper tab 252 extendslengthwise along tape blade 214 beyond lower tab 254 such that secondportion 258 provides some level support/strength to tape blade 214beyond lower tab 254, while also providing a degree of flexibilitygreater than if second portion 258 had the same larger thickness asfirst portion 256. In some specific embodiments, because tape blade 214tends to bend in the upward direction (e.g., as shown in FIG. 11B)second portion 258 does not include attachment points (such as rivets)coupling second portion 258 to tape blade 214. Thus, in some suchembodiments, second portion 258 does not include rivets or othercoupling mechanisms extending through second portion 258 and into thematerial of tape blade 214. As discussed above, decreasing the number ofholes (e.g., for rivets) through tape blade 214 improves tape tearresistance. However, in various other embodiments, the length of lowertab 254 may be greater than, equal to or less than the total length ofupper tab 252.

Referring to FIG. 14, hook assembly 260 of tape measure 210 is shownaccording to an exemplary embodiment. Hook assembly 260 is substantiallythe same as hook assembly 216, except as disclosed herein. Hook assembly260 includes upper hook tab 262 and lower hook tab 264. In theembodiment shown, upper hook tab 262 includes a plurality of sections266 that are joined together by joints 268. In general, joints 268 areflexible or pivoting connections between tab sections 266 that provideupper tab 262 with increased flexibility. Joints 268 may be any suitableflexible connector including flexible, elastic connectors (e.g., elasticpolymer materials), pin joints, etc. In contrast to an upper tab that isa contiguous rigid piece of metal material, joints 268 allow tabsections 266 to move relative to each other effectively providingincreased flexibility along the length of tabs 262 and 64, which in turnincreases the bend radius A as discussed above.

In specific embodiments, upper tab 262 is longer than lower tab 264. Inthis arrangement, upper tab 262 extends lengthwise along tape blade 214beyond lower tab 264 such that upper tab 262 provides some levelsupport/strength to tape blade 214 beyond lower tab 264. In specificembodiments, the portion of upper tab 262 beyond lower tab 264 does notinclude rivets or other coupling mechanisms extending through upper tab262 and into the material of tape blade 214 at the areas beyond lowertab 264. As discussed above, decreasing the number of holes (e.g., forthe rivets) through tape blade 214 improves tape tear resistance.However, in various other embodiments, the length of lower tab 264 maybe greater than, equal to or less than the total length of upper tab262.

Referring to FIGS. 15A and 15B, hook assembly 270 of tape measure 210 isshown according to an exemplary embodiment. Hook assembly 270 issubstantially the same as hook assembly 216, except as disclosed herein.Hook assembly 270 includes upper hook tab 272 and lower hook tab 274. Inthe embodiment shown, upper hook tab 272 includes a first portion 276and a second portion 278 coupled to first portion 276. First portion 276is located between hook 218 and second portion 278 along the uppersurface of tape blade 214.

Second portion 278 is a tab portion that has a level of flexibility orelasticity that is greater than that of the first portion 276. Invarious embodiments, second portion 278 may be made from a metalmaterial that is the same as a metal material of first portion 276 buthas a lower thickness providing for improved flexibility. In anotherembodiment, second portion 278 may be made from a type of material thatis more flexible than the material of first portion 276. In some suchembodiments, first portion 276 is formed from a relatively rigidmaterial, such as a metal material and second portion 278 is formed froma relatively flexible material, such as a polymer material, anelastomeric material, etc.

Similar to embodiments discussed above, second portion 278 extendslengthwise along tape blade 214 beyond lower tab 274. In suchembodiments, second portion 278 does not include coupling elements suchas rivets that pierce tape blade 214. In some such embodiments, secondportion 278 is not directly coupled to tape blade 214 in the regionbeyond lower tab 274, and in other embodiments, second portion 278 iscoupled via a non-piercing coupling structure, such as a glue oradhesive.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15A, second portion 278 is coupled tothe lower surface of first portion 276. In this arrangement, firstportion 276 overlaps a section of second portion 278, and the lowersurface of second portion 278 is in contact with and/or faces tape blade214. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15B, second portion 278′ includes astepped section that resides over a section of first portion 276coupling second portion 278 to first portion 276. In this arrangement, alower surface of second portion 278 is coupled to an upper surface offirst portion 276. In this arrangement, lower surfaces of both firstportion 276 and second portion 278 are in contact and/or face the uppersurface of tape blade 214.

Referring to FIG. 16, in various embodiments, any of the hook assembliesdiscussed herein may include a lower hook tab, shown generally as lowertab 280, that is configured to provide improved flexibility utilizingone more of the arrangements discussed herein related to flexibility ofupper tabs. In specific embodiments, lower tab 280 may be made from athin metal material, may be formed from a flexible or polymer material,may include multiple sections and flexible joints, may include areas ofreduced thickness, etc.

Referring generally to FIGS. 17-23, in various embodiments, tape measure210 may include a tape blade 214 including one or more design,configuration, material property, and/or coating, etc. that improvestear resistance and/or that reduces whip. Referring to FIGS. 17, 18A and18B, in various embodiments, tape blade 214 is formed from amulti-layered material. As shown in FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B, in suchembodiments, tape blade 214 includes an inner core 290 surrounded by acoating 292. In general, coating 292 is a flexible material surroundingall or part of core 290, which is a more rigid material such as a metaltape material. In specific embodiments, core 290 is formed from a metalmaterial, and coating 292 is a polymer material (e.g., polyurethane,Teflon, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic urethane (TPU),Mylar, etc.), and in specific embodiments, coating 292 completelysurrounds the perimeter of core 290 when viewed in cross-section takenperpendicular to the length axis of tape blade 214, as shown in FIG.18B.

In some embodiments, coating 292 provides tear resistance by providingsupport to and/or limiting tear initiations in core 290. In someembodiments, the support provided by coating 292 makes tape blade 214(or specific portions thereof) more rigid than if core 290 where notcoated. In some embodiments, coating 292 is a high friction material orincludes high friction material zones (e.g., has a coefficient ofsliding friction greater than that of the material of core 290) that actas a brake slowing down retraction speed. By slowing down retractionspeed, coating 292 provides tear resistance to tape blade 214 byreducing whip (which is a known source of tape blade tear).

In specific embodiments, coating 292 is specifically configured toprovide decrease retraction speed/increase friction during retraction atspecific points during retraction to limit tape tear. For example,coating 292 includes a zone of increased friction in a region adjacenthook assembly 216 such that retraction is slowed as tape blade 214 nearsfull retraction into tape measure housing 212. In some such embodiments,the high friction region is located within 10 feet, specifically within8 feet and more specifically within 4 feet of hook assembly 216.

Referring to FIG. 19, another embodiment of tape blade 214 including acoating 294 is shown. Coating 294 is substantially the same as coating292 except as discussed herein. In the embodiment of FIG. 19, tape blade214 includes a coating 294 that surrounds or coats only a particularportion of blade core 290. In the specific embodiment shown, coating 294surrounds the lateral edges of blade core 290 such that a central area296 of blade core 290 is not coated. In this arrangement, the outersurface of blade core 290 defines the outermost surface of tape blade214 at central area 296 and coating 294 defines the outer most surfaceof tape blade 214 at the coated lateral edges. In one embodiment,coating 294 extends the entire length or substantially the entire length(e.g., at least 95%, 99%, etc.) of tape blade 214 along both lateraledges of blade core 290. In various embodiments, coating 294 protectsthe lateral edges of blade core 290 from being damaged (e.g., limitsformation of nicks, notches, etc. which in turn may initiate a tear intape blade 214).

Referring to FIGS. 20 and 21, in various embodiments, tape blade 214 maybe sized or shaped in various ways to provide tear resistances,resistance to whip and/or provide flexibility as desired for particularapplications. As shown in FIG. 20, in some embodiments, the tape blade214 (e.g., blade core 290 and/or coating 292) may be shaped to provide adecreasing blade thicknesses positioned adjacent to hook assembly 216,which in turn provides added rigidity which increases bend radius in thetransition region, while still being flexible (as shown for example inFIG. 11B). As shown in FIG. 20, tape blade 214 has a first thickness T10located adjacent the inner ends of hook tabs 220 and 222 and a secondthickness T11 located beyond the ends of hook tabs 220 and 222 in thelengthwise direction. To provide the increased flexibility relative tohook tabs 220 and 222, T11 is less than T10, such as less than 75% ofT10, less than 50% of T10, etc. In the specific embodiment shown hooktabs 220 and 222 have the same length as each other and the transitionfrom the section having thickness T10 to the thinned section havingthickness T11 is located beyond the inner ends of hook tabs 220 and 222(i.e., the ends of hook tabs 220 and 222 opposite of hook 218).

As shown in FIG. 21, in some embodiments, the tape blade 214 (e.g.,blade core 290 and/or coating 292) may be shaped to provide a decreasingblade width positioned adjacent to hook assembly 216, which in turnprovides added rigidity which increases bend radius in the transitionregion, while still being flexible (as shown for example in FIG. 11B).As shown in FIG. 21, tape blade 214 has a first width W1 at the regioncoupled to hook tabs 220 and 222, and a second width W2 located beyondthe ends of hook tabs 220 and 222 in the lengthwise direction. Toprovide the increased flexibility relative to hook tabs 220 and 222, W2is less than W1, such as less than 75% of W1, less than 50% of W1, etc.In the specific embodiment shown, hook tabs 220 and 222 have the samelength as each other and the transition from the section having width W1to the narrow section having width W2 is located beyond the inner endsof hook tabs 220 and 222 in the lengthwise direction.

Referring to FIG. 22, in some embodiments, tape blade 214 (e.g., bladecore 290 may have a material property that varies along the length oftape blade 214 to provide the desired flexibility, bend radius orwhip-resistance. In specific embodiments, tape blade 214 may includeregions 298 and 300 that include different hardness characteristics. Ina specific embodiment, the hardness of the metal tape material withinregion 298 may be lower than the hardness of the metal tape materialwithin region 300. As shown in FIG. 22, the hardened material in region300 is located between tabs 220 and 222, and the less hard material ofregion 298 is located beyond the inner ends of tabs 220 and 222 in thelengthwise direction. Applicant believes that by locating the region ofdecreased hardness adjacent to but beyond the ends of hook tabs 220 and222 improved flexibility and the increased bend radius (e.g., shown inFIG. 11B) may be achieved.

In specific embodiments, tape blade 214 may be formed from a singlecontiguous piece of metal material, and the differential materialproperties discussed herein may be achieved by processing varioussections of tape blade 214 differently. For example, in specificembodiments, the differential hardness between zones 298 and 300 may beachieved by applying a hardening process to region 300 without hardeningor with less hardening applied to region 298. In various embodiments,region 300 may be process using any suitable hardening process includingheat treatment hardening, induction hardening, flame hardening, casehardening, etc.

In other embodiments, the differential material properties of tape blade214 are achieved by forming tape blade 214 from a composite material,each material of which provides the differential material property. Inone such embodiment, tape blade 214 may include more than one metalmaterial, each having the desired material property, and these differentmetal sections are bonded together. In an exemplary embodiment, region298 is formed from a first metal material that has a relatively lowhardness, and region 300 is formed from a second, different metalmaterial that has a relatively high hardness level. In such embodiments,the metal material of region 300 is bonded (e.g., welded, melt bonded,etc.) to the metal material of region 298 to form tape blade 214. Inspecific embodiments, materials having relatively high levels offlexibility are located in likely bending whip zones along the length oftape blade 214 and other regions are formed from materials having higherrigidity.

Referring to FIG. 23, another embodiment of a composite tape blade 214is shown. In this embodiment, tape blade 214 includes a main body 302and inclusions, shown as metal strips 304, embedded in main body 302. Inspecific embodiments, main body 302 is formed from a polymer material,and in specific embodiments, main body 302 is formed via any suitableprocess including extrusion, injection molding, compression molding,etc. Metal strips 304 are sized and are positioned within main body 302to selectively reinforce body 302 in regions to provide variousfunctions, including improved tear resistance, improved flexibility,decrease whip, improved standout, etc. For example, metal strips 304 maybe located to reinforce areas where bending/whip is likely or tearinitiation is likely.

As shown in FIG. 23, each metal strip 304 includes a dimension D1 thatis selected to provide tape blade 214 with the desired physicalproperty. In various embodiments, D1 is between 1/10 of inch and 1.5inches, and specifically is about ½ an inch. In various embodiments,metal strips 304 are oriented relative to the body 302 to providereinforcement/flexibility as discussed herein. However, in someembodiments, metal strips 304 may be oriented randomly within body 302.

It should be understood that the figures illustrate the exemplaryembodiments in detail, and it should be understood that the presentapplication is not limited to the details or methodology set forth inthe description or illustrated in the figures. It should also beunderstood that the terminology is for description purposes only andshould not be regarded as limiting.

Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects ofthe invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view ofthis description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed asillustrative only. The construction and arrangements, shown in thevarious exemplary embodiments, are illustrative only. Although only afew embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, manymodifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions,structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values ofparameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors,orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novelteachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. Someelements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple partsor elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwisevaried, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions maybe altered or varied. The order or sequence of any process, logicalalgorithm, or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according toalternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes andomissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions andarrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing fromthe scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that anymethod set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps beperformed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim doesnot actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is nototherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that thesteps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intendedthat any particular order be inferred. In addition, as used herein, thearticle “a” is intended to include one or more component or element, andis not intended to be construed as meaning only one. As used herein,“rigidly coupled” refers to two components being coupled in a mannersuch that the components move together in a fixed positionalrelationship when acted upon by a force.

Various embodiments of the invention relate to any combination of any ofthe features, and any such combination of features may be claimed inthis or future applications. Any of the features, elements or componentsof any of the exemplary embodiments discussed above may be utilizedalone or in combination with any of the features, elements or componentsof any of the other embodiments discussed above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A tape measure comprising: a housing: a reel rotatably mounted within the housing; an elongate blade wound around the reel, the elongate blade comprising: an elongate metal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and a first thickness, T1, measured between the upper surface and the lower surface, wherein the upper surface includes a concave curved section and the lower surface includes a convex curved section; an upper polymer coating coupled to and covering the upper surface of the elongate metal core, the upper polymer coating having a second thickness, T2, and an upper surface defining the uppermost surface of the elongate blade; a lower polymer coating coupled to and covering the lower surface of the elongate metal core, the lower polymer coating having a third thickness, T3, and a lower surface defining the lowermost surface of the elongate blade; and an ink layer located between the upper surface of the elongate metal core and the upper polymer coating forming a series of measurement markings; wherein T2+T3≥T1; a spring coupled to the reel such that when the elongate blade is unwound from the reel to extend from the housing the spring stores energy and the spring release energy driving rewinding of the elongate blade on to the reel; and a hook assembly coupled to an outer end of the elongate blade.
 2. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein T2+T3≥2×T1.
 3. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein T2 is 0.07 mm to 0.19 mm, T3 is 0.07 mm to 0.19 mm, and T1+T2+T3 is between 0.26 mm and 0.5 mm.
 4. The tape measure of claim 3, wherein T1 is between 0.09 mm and 0.2 mm.
 5. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein T1 is an average thickness of the elongate metal core, and T2 and T3 are the maximum thicknesses of the upper and lower polymer coatings.
 6. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein T2 is greater than T3.
 7. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the upper polymer coating is located along at least 6 ft. of the length of the elongate metal core, wherein the lower polymer coating is located along at least 6 ft. of the length of the elongate metal core.
 8. The tape measure of claim 7, the upper polymer coating and the lower polymer coating are located along an entire length of the elongate metal core.
 9. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the elongate metal core comprises a steel material having a hardness of 45-60 RHC, and the upper and lower polymer coatings comprise nylon.
 10. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the elongate blade has a length less than 50 feet.
 11. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the elongate blade has a pinch height at break of less than 1.5 mm.
 12. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the elongate blade has a pinch load threshold of greater than 50 lbs.
 13. The tape measure of claim 1, wherein the hook assembly comprises: a hook; an upper tab coupled to the upper surface of the elongate blade; and a lower tab coupled to the lower surface of the elongate blade; wherein the upper tab has a flexibility that is greater than a flexibility of the lower tab.
 14. The tape measure of claim 13, wherein the hook assembly further comprises a plurality of rivets each extending through both the upper tab and the lower tab to couple the hook assembly to the elongate blade, wherein the lower tab is longer than the upper tab and the lower tab does not have any additional rivets that extend through the lower tab without also extending through the upper tab.
 15. A tape measure comprising: a housing: a reel rotatably mounted within the housing; an elongate blade wound around the reel comprising: an elongate metal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and a metal thickness measured between the upper surface and the lower surface; a polymer coating surrounding the elongate metal core when viewed in cross-section and extending contiguously lengthwise for at least 6 ft. along a length of the elongate metal core, the polymer coating having a polymer coating thickness; an ink layer located between the elongate metal core and the polymer coating, the ink layer forming a series of measurement markings; wherein the polymer coating thickness is greater than the metal thickness; a spring coupled to the reel such that when the elongate blade is unwound from the reel to extend from the housing the spring stores energy and the spring releases energy driving rewinding of the elongate blade on the reel; and a hook assembly coupled to an outer end of the elongate blade.
 16. The tape measure of claim 15, wherein the polymer coating thickness is between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm and the metal thickness is between 0.09 mm and 0.2 mm.
 17. The tape measure of claim 16, wherein the polymer coating thickness is an average thickness of the polymer coating measured averaged along the length of the polymer coating.
 18. The tape measure of claim 17, wherein the metal thickness is between 0.1 mm and 0.13 mm, wherein the elongate metal core comprises a steel material having a hardness of 45-60 RHC, and the polymer coating comprises a nylon layer.
 19. A tape measure comprising: a housing: a reel rotatably mounted within the housing; an elongate blade wound around the reel comprising: an elongate metal core having an upper surface, a lower surface and a metal thickness measured between the upper surface and the lower surface; a polymer coating surrounding the elongate metal core when viewed in cross-section and extending contiguously lengthwise for at least 6 ft. along a length of the elongate metal core, the polymer coating having a polymer coating thickness; an ink layer located between the elongate metal core and the polymer coating, the ink layer forming a series of measurement markings; wherein the elongate blade has a pinch load threshold of greater than 50 lbs; a spring coupled to the reel such that when the elongate blade is unwound from the reel to extend from the housing the spring stores energy and the spring releases energy driving rewinding of the elongate blade on the reel; and a hook assembly coupled to an outer end of the elongate blade.
 20. The tape measure of claim 19, wherein the elongate blade has a pinch height at break of less than 1.5 mm, wherein the polymer coating thickness is between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm and the metal thickness is between 0.09 mm and 0.2 mm. 